Use of high strength friction grip bolted connections in bridge steelwork

Investigations have been carried out into the effects of variable contact in high strength friction grip bolted connections on the behaviour of such connections under different types of loading. A review of theoretical and experimental work by others, has been developed by further theoretical and experimental work of the effects of local contact on slip factor, and on joint behaviour under different types of loading. Remedial measures for lack of contact in the form of shims and adhesives have been investigated. The implications of the work are considered with respect to design aspects for typical bridge details, and with respect to long term maintenance aspects. Finally, some work is reported concerning the behaviour of hybrid connections involving both HSFG bolts and welds at the same connections. (A)