ground vibrations from impact pile driving during road construction

this report describes measurements at seven sites of ground vibrations generated by impact pile driving during road construction operations. vibrations from driven steel case piling, driven and cast-in-place displacement piling and linked sheet steel piling were monitored. measurements were carried out to determine the relative magnitudes of the vibration components, the main frequency of the surface waves and the velocity levels of the ground vibration. relations were established between the vertical velocity level and the distance between source and receiver for four sheet piling operations. floor vibration levels in buildings adjacent to piling activities were measured, and an assessment of the likely effects of impact pile driving was made using criteria proposed elsewhere for architectural damage and human disturbance.(a)