We are proud that TRL’s research played a key role in this decision. The Welsh Government commissioned TRL to assess how side road zebra crossings impact driver behaviour, pedestrian confidence, and overall road user safety at side road junctions.
Side road zebras use black-and-white markings and give-way lines but, unlike traditional zebra crossings, do not include Belisha beacons or zig-zag markings. This makes them quicker, cheaper, and easier to install and maintain, while still providing clear pedestrian priority. Crucially, these crossings can be placed directly across the mouth of a side road junction, aligning with pedestrians’ natural walking (‘desire’) line, and making streets more convenient and accessible.
While Highway Code changes in 2022 gave pedestrians priority when crossing side roads, it takes time for awareness to grow and changes in rules to be embedded. Implementing zebra crossings at side roads reinforces the rule change by providing clear markings to communicate right of way to all road users. The Welsh Government wanted robust evidence to ensure this policy would work in practice.
In 2022, TRL evaluated the real-world impact of these crossings through three trial sites in Cardiff. This was done as part of wider efforts of the Welsh Government to support the 20mph speed limit in built-up areas and to make streets feel safer and encourage more walking and cycling.
Our work included:
1. Before-and-after analysis:
We assessed changes in key indicators such as driver propensity to give way, pedestrian waiting and crossing times, vehicle speeds, and proximity between vehicles and pedestrians. The sequence of movements during each crossing was used as a proxy for who yielded.
2. User perception research:
· On-street interviews with pedestrians immediately after crossing
· Real-world driving trials followed by structured interviews with drivers
· Focus groups with organisations representing disabled people
This mixed-method approach ensured we captured both objective behavioural data and subjective user experiences.
Our research showed:
· Drivers were much more likely to stop and give way to people crossing than at the junctions without zebra markings, suggesting recognition and compliance from drivers.
· People crossing felt more confident and waited for a shorter period, making walking easier, encouraging walking and active travel.
· Many disabled participants felt that the presence of a clear markings improved priority and reduced ambiguity, thus improving feelings of safety compared to no crossings. However, many also expressed hesitation due to uncertainty whether drivers would stop.
· Minimal disruption to vehicle flow, showing that these crossings do not cause delays for drivers.
· There was no evidence of increased safety risk compared with more traditional zebra crossings, making it practical for urban and rural settings.
Similar trials led by TRL in Manchester corroborated with these insights. Across all trials, evidence showed no increased risk compared to traditional crossings and a significant rise in drivers giving way to pedestrians compared to junctions without zebras. The findings also highlighted the need for providing alternative crossing away from the junction for those who would generally prefer not to cross at side roads, particularly based on concerns raised by people with visual impairment.
The findings from this research gave the Welsh Government the confidence to move forward with legislation. This is a great example of evidence-based policy in action!
At TRL, we’re proud to see our research shaping decisions that make streets safer and more accessible for everyone. This project reflects our commitment to innovation, inclusivity, and sustainability in transport.
Want to learn more?
Read the Side Road Zebra Crossing Guidance by the Welsh Government here
Read TRL's report for the Welsh Government here
And our Side Road Zebra Crossing report Transport for Greater Manchester here
Explore TRL’s work on active travel and drop us a line at enquires@trl.co.uk to discuss how we can help with all your Road Safety needs